Most of the international community, including the EU and the US, does not recognise the annexation of Crimea to Russia. The loss of Crimea is a deep wound for Ukrainians. Shortly after the peninsula was annexed in early , a separate conflict broke out in the eastern Donetsk and Luhansk regions when separatists moved against the Ukrainian state. Ukraine and the West accuse Russia of sending its troops to the region and arming the separatists. Moscow denies this but says that Russian volunteers are helping the rebels.
More than 13, people have been killed in the conflict. The BBC does not show Crimea as part of Russia on its maps, but shows a dotted line to mark disputed territory. Russia bans smartphones without local software. Russia tightens control on national internet. Image source, Getty Images. The Apple Weather app now lists Crimea as part of Russia.
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Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. A territory is land a person or government protects from intruders or outsiders. Some territories have defined boundaries like a nation, province, or city, while others, like a neighborhood, may not. The people living in a particular territory often share similar traits, like ethnicity, culture, or religion.
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Skip to content. Image Disputed Crimea Map of the disputed territory of Crimea, which was seized by Russia despite belonging to the Ukraine. Photograph by Bynktop B.
Dinamik and NoviSadGrad. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Article Vocabulary. A historical-archival journal, Istoricheskii arkhiv Historical Archive , which had been published in the USSR from until , began appearing again in with transcriptions of declassified documents from the former Soviet archives.
The first issue of the revived Istoricheskii arkhiv in contained a section about the transfer of Crimea that featured documents from the Russian Presidential Archive and from a few other archives whose collections are now housed at the State Archive of the Russian Federation GARF. Unfortunately, these documents do not add anything of substance to what was published in the Soviet press 38 years earlier; indeed, they are mostly identical to what was published in Apparently, the editors of Istoricheskii arkhiv were unaware that the scripted proceedings of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium meeting had already been published in But the declassified files reveal nothing more about the motives for the transfer, leaving us with just the two official rationales that were published in Neither of these ostensible justifications holds up to scrutiny.
Even though was the th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav, there is no connection between that treaty and the Crimean peninsula. Pereyaslav, in central Ukraine not far from Kyiv, is nowhere near Crimea, and the treaty had nothing to do with the peninsula, which did not come under Russian control until years later.
The treaty did provide an important step in that direction, but years of further struggling and warfare had to take place before full unification occurred. In the s, the population of Crimea — approximately 1. A sizable population of Tatars had lived in Crimea for centuries until May , when they were deported en masse by the Stalinist regime to barren sites in Central Asia, where they were compelled to live for more than four decades and were prohibited from returning to their homeland.
Stalin also forcibly deported smaller populations of Armenians, Bulgarians, and Greeks from Crimea, completing the ethnic cleansing of the peninsula. Although Crimea is briefly contiguous with southern Ukraine via the Isthmus of Perekop, the large eastern Kerch region of Crimea is very close to Russia. The peninsula did have important economic and infrastructural ties with Ukraine, but cultural ties were much stronger overall with Russia than with Ukraine, and Crimea was the site of major military bases from Tsarist times on, having become a symbol of Imperial Russian military power against the Ottoman Turks.
Even though the publicly enunciated rationales for the transfer of Crimea to the UkrSSR were of little credibility, some of the comments published in and other information that has come to light since then do allow us to gauge why the Soviet authorities decided on this action.
Of particular importance were the role of Nikita Khrushchev, the recent traumas inflicted on Ukraine, and the ongoing power struggle in the USSR. Khrushchev had been elevated to the post of CPSU First Secretary in September but was still consolidating his leading position in early He had earlier served as the head of the Communist Party of Ukraine from the late s through the end of apart from a year-and-a-half during World War II when he was assigned as a political commissar to the front.
The civil war was marked by high levels of casualties and gruesome atrocities on both sides.
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