Johnson , named him solicitor general. Over the next 24 years, Justice Marshall came out in favor of abortion rights and against the death penalty, as he continued his tireless commitment to ensuring equitable treatment of individuals—particularly minorities—by state and federal governments.
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On October 2, , a team of scientists invent Gatorade, a sports drink to quench thirst, in a University of Florida lab. The name "Gatorade" is derived from the nickname of the university's sports teams. Eventually, the drink becomes a phenomenon and makes its inventors Amid a resurgence of the coronavirus pandemic, and after almost a year of questioning medical advice and flaunting rules about mask-wearing, President Donald Trump announces that he and First Lady Melania Trump have tested positive for COVID in an early-morning tweet on The Warsaw Uprising ends on October 2, , with the surrender of the surviving Polish rebels to German forces.
Two months earlier, the approach of the Red Army to Warsaw prompted Polish resistance forces to launch a rebellion against the Nazi occupation. The rebels, who On October 2, , actor Rock Hudson, 59, becomes the first major U.
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Documents will be on display through August 7, in the Rotunda Over the years, Marshall became the face of civil rights litigation. He argued 32 cases before the Supreme Court, winning 29 of them, and participated in hundreds of other cases in lower courts nationwide.
In the process, he traveled between 50, and 75, miles a year, crisscrossing the nation to oversee as many as cases at a time. In the early s, Marshall served as lead attorney in what turned out to be the most momentous civil rights lawsuit of the era, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
The landmark case combined five NAACP-sponsored complaints from across the country, all filed by parents of Black children who had been forced to attend segregated schools. Marshall had been chipping away at the legal basis of segregation in secondary education for years. To uphold school segregation would be tantamount to keeping Black people in near-slavery, Marshall said in oral arguments. Marshall and his colleagues fought battle after battle as states defied the new law of the land—closing entire public school systems, creating charter schools, and even rioting rather than allow Black students to attend alongside white ones.
In , he got the chance for a change when President John F. Court of Appeals. Marshall faced harsh opposition from Southern senators furious about his legal activism for civil rights.
At one hearing , South Carolina Senator Olin Johnston argued that Marshall was unqualified to preside over the general business of a courtroom because of his focus on civil rights. Kennedy managed to name Marshall to the position through a recess appointment, which the Senate confirmed the following year.
Then, in , President Lyndon B. Johnson named Marshall the first Black solicitor general, designated to represent the federal government in Supreme Court cases. Though Marshall regularly appeared before the Supreme Court, no Black man, and no person of color, had ever been nominated to serve as a justice.
Johnson was eager to change that—and cement his civil rights legacy after having signed both the Civil Rights Act of and the Voting Rights Act of into law. On June 13, , Johnson nominated Marshall to the U. Why the Supreme Court has only nine justices. Over the years, Marshall continued to champion the equal protections he had insisted on as a civil rights lawyer, supporting individual rights and affirmative action.
Among the most important majority opinions he authored were Stanley v. Georgia in , a First Amendment case that decriminalized possessing pornographic materials, and Bounds v.
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