In the short or medium term, it may be possible to keep removal rates low, and production of new conventional housing below its long-run average. Over the year span from through , conventional housing starts averaged a little over 1. If loss and production rates stay as they are in the latest Census estimates, the built environment in the U. Were loss rates to remain as estimated in Figure 3, and 1. In comparison, 45 percent would still consist of homes built before fig 4.
This stands in sharp contrast to the key assumptions used in, for example, Growing Cooler , an influential publication from the Urban Land Institute ULI. The core of Growing Cooler is an estimate of the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions that could start to be achieved in if development patterns were changed between now and then, along with a set of policy recommendations.
One of its key assumptions is that two-thirds of the built environment will be new by , which in turn depends, among other things, on an estimate that 89 million new homes will be built between and This is, to put it mildly, a departure from the current reality. It requires nearly 2 million new housing units to be built every year from to So far, from through , new home completions have averaged only 1.
To reach the estimate in Growing Cooler, the U. Some of the gap could be filled by mobile homes, boats, RVs, etc. It would require massive increases in the number of people living in these types of housing units to fill a substantial part of the gap, however.
Moreover, these types of housing units are partially or totally out of the control of local jurisdictions with authority to regulate the built environment within their borders. This is not to be excessively critical of ULI, however, as the 89 million new home assumption seemed considerably more reasonable in the economic environment of when Growing Cooler was first published.
Standard data sources show that the production of new housing has been insufficient to meet demand created by net new household formations. One of the consequences is that older homes are being removed from the housing stock at a very slow rate. These tendencies are especially true for conventional single-family and multifamily homes of the type built by NAHB members and regulated by locally adopted building codes. In the long run, the tendencies are unsustainable.
While they persist, however, the built environment will change slowly and continue to be dominated by older structures—especially the part of the built environment governed by local building codes. Over the years, codes have been widely adopted and revised and improved many times. Significant changes to the structural requirements in codes, for example, were triggered by the experiences with Hurricane Andrew in and the Northridge earthquake in There have also been many changes to codes targeting fire safety, such as requirements for smoke alarms, fire separation, fire blocking, draft stopping, emergency escape openings, electrical circuit breakers, and capacity and outlet separation.
Codes have also been increasingly used to advance public policies such as energy efficiency. As of May , a version of the International Energy Conservation Code was being used in every state [3] except California, which has had its own repeatedly updated energy efficiency standards for buildings since The ABS is interested in receiving feedback from users on the suitability of these preliminary data and the potential for producing ongoing quarterly estimates beyond If you have any feedback, please email construction abs.
In the five year period from the June quarter to the March quarter, there have been , dwellings approved to be demolished in Australia. The quarter with the lowest number of dwellings approved to be demolished was the March quarter 4, dwellings , coinciding with the lowest quarter for new dwelling approvals over the same five year period.
The quarter with the highest number of dwellings approved to be demolished was the March quarter 6, dwellings , followed by the December quarter 5, dwellings. Houses were the most common type of dwelling approved to be demolished, representing New South Wales had the highest proportion of houses approved to be demolished Dwelling demolitions approved for every 1, new dwelling approvals 'the demolition approval rate' increased from 91 in the June quarter to in the March quarter.
The lowest quarter was the September quarter with 82, while the highest quarter was the September quarter with Over the five year period, there were dwelling demolitions approved for every 1, new dwelling approvals in Australia. South Australia was the state with the highest demolition approval rate , followed by Western Australia and Victoria Tasmania had the lowest rate with 32 dwelling demolition approvals for every 1, new dwellings approved.
The demolition approval rate can be influenced by a number of factors including land availability, age of housing stock, population growth and population density. In New South Wales, there were 28, dwellings approved to be demolished in the five year period. From the March quarter to the March quarter, there was a The March quarter was the state's highest quarter with 1, dwellings approved to be demolished.
In Victoria, there were 37, dwellings approved to be demolished in the five year period. The highest quarter was the December quarter with 2, dwelling demolitions approved.
During , Victoria saw its demolitions fall to 1, approvals in the September quarter. It subsequently rose In Queensland, there were 13, dwellings approved to be demolished in the five year period. In , Queensland recorded a demolition low of approvals in the June quarter. In the subsequent quarter, dwelling demolition approvals increased by In South Australia, there were 12, dwellings approved to be demolished in the five year period.
He said the country should improve the recycling of reclaimed materials. In China, construction waste comprises 30 to 40 percent of the total volume of urban waste. The erection of a 10,square-meter building typically creates to tons of waste and the demolition of a similar sized building creates 7, to 12, tons, according to industrial data.
Poor building quality is also a major concern for China's construction industry, which has been plagued by scandals in recent years. In June , a floor newly-constructed building in Shanghai toppled, killing one worker. An investigation revealed its foundations had been undermined by a combination of soil piled 10 meters high on one side and the digging of an underground garage on the other. The scandal was soon followed by numerous media reports of poor building quality in other parts of China.
Related readings: Experts call for survey on residents' housing conditions Housing demand still strong - Roach Beijing raises housing fund threshold 60b yuan for indemnificatory housing He explained that buildings constructed before have long passed their designed lifespan of 50 years.
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