She was sworn in on January 20, The vice president does not have a public direct telephone number. You can fill in an online form with comments. Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of outline the presidential order of succession. An election for president of the United States happens every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The most recent presidential election was November 3, The election process begins with primary elections and caucuses.
These are two methods that states use to select a potential presidential nominee Nominee: the final candidate chosen by a party to represent them in an election. In general, primaries use secret ballots for voting. Caucuses are local gatherings of voters who vote at the end of the meeting for a particular candidate. Then it moves to nominating conventions , during which political parties each select a nominee to unite behind. During a political party convention, each presidential nominee also announces a vice presidential running mate.
The candidates then campaign across the country to explain their views and plans to voters. They may also participate in debates with candidates from other parties. During the general election General Election: a final election for a political office with a limited list of candidates. But the tally of those votes—the popular vote—does not determine the winner. Instead, presidential elections use the Electoral College. To win the election, a candidate must receive a majority of electoral votes.
In the event no candidate receives a majority, the House of Representatives chooses the president and the Senate chooses the vice president. Summer of the year before an election through spring of the election year — Primary and caucus Caucus: a statewide meeting held by members of a political party to choose a presidential candidate to support.
In response to the first question, regarding presidential vacancies, Section 1 of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment formalizes the Tyler precedent. It confirms that when the President is removed from office, dies, or resigns, the Vice President becomes President. In response to the second question, regarding vice-presidential vacancies, Section 2 of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment requires the President to nominate a replacement Vice President when that office becomes vacant, subject to confirmation by a majority of both the House and Senate.
When Ford took over the presidency the following year, he promptly invoked Section 2 to nominate Nelson Rockefeller to fill the resulting vice-presidential vacancy. In response to the third question, regarding presidential inability, Sections 3 and 4 of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment establish two procedures for transferring authority to the Vice President as Acting President. Bush twice transferred authority to their Vice Presidents under Section 3 for a matter of hours while they underwent planned surgeries.
Section 4 addresses the dramatic case of a President who may be unable to fulfill his constitutional role but who cannot or will not step aside. It provides both a decision-maker and a procedure. The initial deciding group is the Vice President and a majority of either the Cabinet or some other body that Congress may designate though Congress has never done so. If and when the President pronounces himself able, the deciding group has four days to disagree.
If it does not, the President retakes his powers. But if it does, the Vice President keeps control while Congress quickly meets and makes a decision. The voting rule in these contested cases favors the President; the Vice President continues acting as President only if two-thirds majorities of both chambers agree that the President is unable to serve. Section 3 and especially Section 4 are long and complicated by constitutional standards. The Twenty-Fifth Amendment may look like a model of constitutional clarity.
It lays out a series of technical solutions to problems that had emerged over the years in the area of presidential and vice-presidential succession. Compared to many other constitutional provisions, the language seems crisp, straightforward, and decisive. On closer inspection, however, the clarity of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment fades—at least with regard to its lengthiest and most controversial component, Section 4. Section 4 has not yet been used.
Commissioner But the Amendment itself says no such thing, and supporters of the Amendment in Congress expressed different views. Valeo Hundreds of executive branch employees are now selected in this manner. Supporters of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment generally asserted that only Cabinet members ought to count as principal officers under Section 4. Trade Representative who participate in the Cabinet without heading executive departments.
And yet this term is nowhere defined in the Twenty-Fifth Amendment or anywhere else in the Constitution. Section 4 was not meant to be a tool for circumventing the impeachment process or for punishing Presidents who make unpopular or unwise decisions. A President who falls into a coma plainly is. In between these extremes, though, lie a great variety of debatable cases.
Instead of answering such questions in a clear-cut manner, the creators of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment employed a flexible term that allows for the case-by-case exercise of political and professional judgment. At the same time that it fails to iron out some important issues, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment fails to address other matters entirely. Nor does it give any guidance on situations where both the President and Vice President have developed inabilities. Beyond the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, the observation also points to some broader lessons concerning constitutional interpretation.
Even when they set out to address a fairly concrete problem, constitutional drafters often find it infeasible—and undesirable—to give a precise answer because of the limits of foresight, the limits of language, and the difficulty of reaching agreement on particulars. Supplying general principles or procedures is often the best that can be done. As a result, future decision-makers are given a great deal of leeway to determine how the Constitution best applies to the circumstances they face.
Second, the interpretive puzzles raised by Section 4 underscore the importance of historical practice in constitutional law. These are the core obsessions that drive our newsroom—defining topics of seismic importance to the global economy.
Our emails are made to shine in your inbox, with something fresh every morning, afternoon, and weekend. He is the oldest president to serve the country.
At 78, he is older even than the older president to leave office, Ronald Reagan, who was still 77 for a few days at the end of his second term. That is almost two years older than the current life expectancy for a US-born male, which is A seamless transition of power in case of unexpected events is a hallmark of a functioning democracy. In , William Henry Harrison president number nine died of typhoid or pneumonia at In , Zachary Taylor president 12 , died at 66, possibly of cholera, potentially caused by eating too much dry fruit at a celebration.
In , Abraham Lincoln president 16 , then 56, was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a confederacy supporter. William McKinley president 25 died at 58 in , also assassinated, by anarchist Leon Czolgosz. Warren Harding president 29 died at 57 in of a heart attack and was not, as it was rumored at the time, poisoned by his wife Florence, to whom he was unfaithful.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt number 32 died in at the age of 63, after years of poor health. In , John F.
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